Resource partitioning as a factor limiting gene flow in hybridizing populations of Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

نویسندگان

  • John Hagen
  • Eric B. Taylor
چکیده

Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) hybridize in areas of secondary contact in northwestern North America but maintain their genetic integrity in spite of gene flow. We examined juvenile stream ecology and adult reproductive ecology of these species in sympatry to test for specializations to alternative niches that may act as a basis for natural selection against hybrids. Juvenile Dolly Varden occupied deeper, faster water and foraged more during daytime in the drift, whereas bull trout used shallower, slower water and made more nighttime foraging attempts towards the substrate. The species showed extensive diet overlap (Schoener’s index = 0.7–0.9), and we found evidence for density compensation between species among sites. Our results suggest no obvious basis for selection against hybrids at the juvenile stream-rearing life-history stage. Bull trout, however, are adfluvial, whereas Dolly Varden are permanent stream residents. Bull trout are also much larger at maturity (50–80 cm vs. 12–15 cm) and build redds in faster, deeper water using larger substrate sizes. Consequently, hybrid genotypes may be selected against in these alternative life-history niches or during reproduction owing to their intermediate size at maturity and sizedependent spawning habitat use and mate choice. Résumé : La Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) et l’Omble à tête plate (Salvelinus confluentus) s’hybrident dans les régions de contact secondaire dans le nord-ouest de l’Amérique du Nord, mais ils maintiennent leur intégrité génétique malgré le flux de gènes. Nous avons étudié l’écologie des juvéniles dans les cours d’eau et de l’écologie de la reproduction des adultes de ces espèces dans des situations de sympatrie pour vérifier l’existence de spécialisations à des niches de rechange qui pourraient servir de base à une sélection naturelle contre les hybrides. Les juvéniles de la Dolly Varden vivent en eau plus profonde et plus rapide et font plus de recherche de nourriture pendant le jour, alors que l’Omble à tête plate occupe des eaux moins profondes et moins rapides et fait plus de tentatives de recherche de nourriture sur le substrat la nuit. Les deux espèces ont des régimes alimentaires qui se chevauchent considérablement (indice de Schoener = 0,7–0,9) et il y a des indices de l’existence d’une compensation de densité entre les espèces parmi les sites. Nos résultats n’identifient aucune base évidente pour postuler l’existence d’une sélection négative des hydrides au cours de la partie du cycle biologique correspondant au développement des juvéniles en eau courante. L’Omble à tête plate, cependant, fait des migrations vers les eaux stagnantes (c’est une espèce « adfluviale »), alors que la Dolly Varden réside en permanence dans les eaux courantes. Les ombles sont aussi beaucoup plus grands à maturité (50–80 cm contre 12–15 cm) et construisent leurs gravières en eau plus profonde et plus rapide, utilisant des substrats plus grossiers. Conséquemment, il peut y avoir une sélection négative des génotypes hybrides dans ces niches de rechange de développement juvénile ou alors durant la reproduction; les hybrides possèdent, en effet, une taille intermédiaire à maturité et leur utilisation des habitats de fraie et leur choix de partenaire sont des comportements reliés

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تاریخ انتشار 2001